对于纪录片爱好者来说，追BBC（英国广播公司）题材广泛、制作精良、观看起来算得上是赏心悦目，人生一大乐事。

《猎捕》是BBC在年底推出的自然纪录片，画面精美绝伦，BGM配乐触动人心，这部更是登峰造极。系列共分7集，分别为《最艰难的挑战》、《四季的掌控》、《捉迷藏》、《海中猎手》、《无处藏身》、《与时间赛跑》与《与捕食者共生》。

纪录片视角主要放在捕食者和猎物间的关系、捕食者的策略等，还记录了各路科学家以及环保人士对保护濒危动物所做出的努力。 David Attenborough爵士将为本系列做解说，奥斯卡最佳原创配乐得主Steven Price负责本片的配乐。

对于学习英文，出国留学的同学来说，这是一份非常值得学习的素材，对听力，口语以及写作等方面绝对能提供非常有价值的帮助。

《猎捕》之与时间赛跑 纪录片中英文字幕赏析

海岸

The coast,

自然界最严苛的狩猎场

nature’s most demanding hunting ground.

因太过险恶 鲜有猎手会长年待在这里

So hazardous that few predators stay here all year

作为海陆间的边界

This frontier between sea and land

它永远处于不停的变化中

is continuously changing.

机会稍纵即逝

Opportunities never last long

要想在海岸边猎捕

To hunt at the coast

就必须在正确的时间 出现在正确的地方

You have to be in the right place at the right time

在美国的东海岸

On the east coast of America

南卡罗来纳州的潮沟里

In the tidal creeks of South Carolina,

一队猎手正要离开它们安全的

A team of houters is about to leave the safety

自然栖息地

Of their natural habitat

这群宽吻海豚完善了一种

This group of bottlenose dolphins has perfected

独特的猎捕策略

a unique hunting strategy

主要依靠团队合作

It relies on teamwork,

智慧 和对时机的掌握

Intelligence and timing

但像这样把自己搁浅

But beaching themselves like this,

同样十分困难和危险

is also difficult and dangerous

只有在低潮时的三个小时里才有猎捕的可能

Hunting is only possible for three hours around low tide,

其实 泥岸会露出水面

When the mud banks are exposed.

外壳锋利的牡蛎覆盖里大部分海岸

Razor-sharp oysters cover much of the shore.

在这搁浅可能是致命的

Beaching here could be lethal.

猎手们需要找到一片坡度恰到好处的

The hunters need to find a stretch of shoreline

海岸线地带

with just the right slope.

过于平坦 海豚就有搁浅的危险

Too level and the dolphins risk stranding.

过于陡峭 它们又没法把猎物逼上岸

Too steep and they can’t force their prey from the water.

海豚们团结协作 包围鱼群

Working as a team, the dolphins surround the fish,

迫使它们朝海岸游去

driving them towards the shore.

海豚展开完美的同步攻击 激起一阵海浪

Attacking in perfect synchrony, the dolphins create a bow wave.

海浪将它们的猎物带上了泥岸

It carries their prey onto the muddy banks.

其他食鱼动物也大胆地抢得一杯羹

Other fish-eaters profit from their daring.

苍鹭和海鸥会密切关注每次猎捕行动

Herons and gulls follow every hunt.

为了先吃到鱼

To get to the fish first,

海豚群迫使自己冲到泥岸高处

the dolphins drive themselves high up the bank.

但如果它们离得太远 就会有搁浅的危险

But if they go too far,they risk stranding.

为了防止鱼从它们的缝隙中溜走

To prevent fish escaping between them,

所有海豚都会倒向同一侧

The dolphins all beach themselves on the same side.

永远是倒向右边

Always the right.

但这也是有代价的

But this has a cost,

它们每抓到一条鱼 也会吃进一嘴泥

each time they grad a fish, they also take in a mouthful of mud.

砂砾会逐渐磨损它们的牙齿

The grit gradually wears down their teeth...

不过也只会磨损一边的

but on one side only.

将来 那些牙齿磨损过度的

In time, there teeth get so worn down

年纪大的海豚就不能再像这样捕猎了

The older dolphins can no longer hunt like this

只能另寻捕鱼的方法

and must find other ways to catch fish.

过不了几个小时 泥岸就会再一次消失在

Within a few hours , the banks will vanish once again

浑水之下

beneath the muddy water.

海潮的涨落支配着所有

The ebb and flow of the tide dominates the lives of all

在海岸边捕食的生物

who try to hunt the coast.

北澳大利亚有着热带地区最高位的潮汐

Northern Australia has the highest tides in the tropics,

那将会裸露出大面积的海岸线地带

which expose vast areas of shoreline.

在这里

And here

生活着一种极为特别的章鱼

Live a truly extraordinary species of octopus.

章鱼是海洋动物

Octopuses are marine animals

它们在水下生存和呼吸

They live and breathe underwater.

低潮时 大多数章鱼

At low tide,most octopuses

会缩在它们的岩池里

would be imprisoned in their rocky pools.

但这可不是普通的章鱼

But this is no ordinary octopus.

它是唯一一种适应陆地行走的章鱼

It’s the only one specially adapted to walk on land.

它用腕上排列的数百个小型吸盘

It pulls itself along, using the hundreds of tiny suckers

拖动自己前进

that line its arms.

它在岩池间行走 搜寻蟹类

Hunting for crabs, it walks from pool to pool.

除了一条惊魂未定的鱼

Apart from a rather startled fish,

这个岩池空空如也

this one is empty.

于是章鱼继续前进。

So the octopus moves on.

岩池或许看起来像个安全的庇护所

A rock pool may seem like a safe refuge.

但章鱼有了吸盘 便能悄无声息的移动

But the octopus’ suckers enable it to move

不论在水下还是在陆地上都一样

just as stealthily in water as out of it.

只要有这种章鱼在附近 就没有安全可言

Nowhere is safe when this octopus is around.

这里的所有生物 都必须跟着海岸的节奏行进

Everything living here must march to the rhythm of the coast.

数以千计的寄居蟹兵团

Regiments of soldier crabs, several thousand strong,

在这澳大利亚的海滩上来来去去

march and counter-march across these Australian beaches.

它们筛选出微小的食物

They sift out microscopic food.

但它们只能趁沙子还保持潮湿时

But they can only feed for a few hours

进食几小时

while the sand remains damp.

而它们不仅是在和潮水赛跑

And it’s not just the they’re racing against.

捕食的鸟类也紧随其后

Hunting birds follow in their wake.

但寄居蟹兵团势不可挡

But the army is undeterred.

它们的数量太过于庞大

They swarm in such huge numbers

捕食者对它们的影像不足挂齿

that their predators make little impact upon them.

但数量庞大并非是这平地上唯一的防御手段

But safety numbers isn’t the only defence on these flats.

这里的另一种蟹采取的是不同的策略

Another crab here has a different strategy.

圆球股窗蟹 不过豌豆大小

The sand bubbler crab-no bigger than a pea.

它们也筛选微小的食物颗粒

They also sift out tiny food particles

随后留下球状的沙团

and then leave the sand as pellets their wake.

圆球股窗蟹非常警觉

Sand bubblers are wary

从不冒险远离自己的洞穴

and never venture far from their burrows.

它们放置沙球的位置非常讲究

The crabs position their sand balls very carefully

总会确保有一条返回安全地带的无阻碍路线

to ensure there is a clear path back to safety.

危险一过 它们就再次出动

As soon as the coast is clear, they’re off again,

赶在沙子风干前尽快进食

racing to feed before the sand dries out.

成千上万只蟹的劳动改变了整个海滩的样貌

The industry of thousands transforms the whole beach...

直到再一次被潮水冲刷

until the tide returns once more.

很少有猎手把海岸作为永久的居所

Few hunters make the coast their permanent home

大多数只会偶尔造访 利用这短暂的机会

most only visit to take advantage of short-lived opportunities.

在泰国海岸

On the coast of Thailand,

一类罕见的来客等待着潮水退去

a most unlike vistor waits for the tide to ebb.

长尾猕猴

Long-tailed macaques

大多数在森林里 以水果和树叶为食

Feed mostly on fruit and leaves in the forest.

但这一群学会了

But these have learnt to

用海鲜作为素食的补充

supplement their vegetarian diet with seafood.

当潮水开始退去

As the tide begins to fall,

猕猴便下到岸边

the macaques make their way down to the shore

一家海滨餐厅就要开张了

a beach-side restaurant is about to open.

这里食物充足 前提是你知道该如何下手

There’s plenty of food here, if you know how to get at it.

猕猴学会了用大石块作为工具

The macaques have learnt to use heavy rocks as toods

把海螺砸开

to break open the sea snails.

学会这项技巧要费不少功夫

It takes a great deal of skill to master this technique,

但并非谁都能掌握要领

but not everyone has got the hang of it.

要在海边谋生 就必须足够机智

You have to be ingenious to make a living at the coast.

当潮水进一步退去

As the tide falls still further,

又一道美味出现了

it reveals the next course.

而要享受这道佳肴

To feed on this dish,

它们需要形状特别的石器

They need a stone tool with a very particular shape.

它们在找的是石蚝

They’re after rock oysters.

为打开外壳 它们必须用选好的工具

To crack the shells open, they must strike the oyster

从正确的角度敲击石蚝

in just the right place with their chosen tool.

最低潮位时显露出

The lowest tide reveals a course

一道特别美味的餐点

that is particularly delicious...

但也非常难采集到

but also very hard to collect.

螃蟹视力很好 且移动迅速

Crabs have good eyesight and can move fast.

所以需要特别技巧才能捕捉到它们

So catching therm requires a special trick.

在抓取前

Before pouncing,

猕猴会等待一道浪过来模糊它们的攻击

the macaques wait for a wave to obscure their attack.

猕猴的猎捕技术 是通过观察父母而学来的

Macaques learn their skills by watching their parents.

但有些技巧需要花时间练习

But some techniques do take time to perfect.

时间和浪潮都不会为猕猴停留

And time and tide waits for no macaque.

涨潮让这家滨海餐厅结束一天的营业

The returning water closes the beach restaurant for another day.

掌控海岸生物生活的

It’s not just tides that rule the lives

不只是海潮

of those that live on the coast.

智利海岸

The shores of Chile

不断被汹涌又冰冷的海水拍击着

are battered by some of the wildest and coldest seas.

在这条海岸线栖息着

This coastline is home

一种了不起的小猎手

to a remarkable little hunter...

即南美猫獭

the South American marine otter.

它是全世界最小的海洋哺乳动物

The world’s smallest sea mammal.

这种罕见又难以捉摸的水獭

This rare and elusive otter

体型只有其欧洲远亲的一半

Is half the size of its European cousin.

它们栖息在南美洲的太平洋海岸

They live along the Pacific coast of South America,

最远可达南美洲最底端的合恩角

right down to Cape horn at the very tip of the continent.

令人惊讶的是 汹涌澎湃的浪

Surprisingly, the pounding breakers

对这种小水獭而言并不是问题

Aren’t a problem for the little otters...

冰冷的海水才是

but the cold water is.

寒流不断从南极涌上来

A continuous frigid current sweeps up from Antarctica.

体型越小 热量流失越快

A small body loses heat faster than a large one,

所以这些小型水獭每次只能在

and so these tiny otters can only hunt in

冰冷的海水中捕猎分钟

The chilly water for minutes at a time.

但它们的小体型使它们能捕捉到

But their small size enables them to reach the fish and crabs

藏在巨砾中的鱼蟹

That hide amongst the boulders.

为了保持温暖 猫獭每天需要吃下

To stay warm, marine otters have to eat

重量为它们体重1/4的海鲜

a quarter of their body weight in seafood every single day.

而这只母水獭则格外辛苦

And things are particularly hard for this female

因为它的幼崽还不能自行捕猎

Because her cubs aren’t yet old enough to hunt for themselves.

每次下水捕鱼前 它会在海草里打滚

Before each fishing trip she rolls in seaweed,

使空气留在它的毛皮里

trapping air in her fur,

把寒冷的海水隔绝在外

so insulating herself from the chill of seas.

寒冷并不是它唯一要面料的挑战

The cold isn’t her only challenge.

因为体型小

Being so small,

这种水獭只能闭气约一分钟

these otters can only hold their breath for about a minute,

每次潜水都需要争分夺秒

making every dive a race against time.

这只水獭的热量处于十分危险的状态

This otter lives on a calorific knife-edge,

一次捕到的食物热量经常只够补充下次所需热量

often only getting enough from one hunting trip to fuel the next.

成功了 幼崽有食物吃了

Success-a meal for the youngsters.

这些水獭终生栖息在海岸

These otters spend their entire lives at the coast,

所以它们必须接受每天的挑战

so they must accept its day-to-day challenges.

但海岸并非只有一日之内的各种变化

But coasts pulse to much more than just the daily rhythms.

在阿拉斯加海岸

On the shores of Alaska,

一场年度盛会即将展开

a spectacular annual event is about to take place.

每年七月 猎手们为了年度最大的盛宴聚集起来

Each July, predators gather for the biggest feast of the year...

但盛宴只会持续几周

bur it will only last a few weeks.

棕熊从山上下来

Brown bears come down from the hills.

狼群走出森林

Wolves appear out of the woods.

海豹在海中聚集

And seals assemble in the ocean.

海岸是唯一一个

The coast is the only place

海 陆 空三地猎手齐聚的地方

Where hunters from the sea meet those from land and air.

棕熊的嗅觉敏锐度是人类的倍

Bears have a sense of smell times better than ours

甚至能侦测到海中的猎物

and can even detect prey out at sea.

它们知道鲑鱼要来了

They know the salmon are coming.

它们还知道最佳捕鱼点

They also know the best fishing spots...

并做好了争夺的准备

And are prepared to fight for them.

经过几年在太平洋里的生长

After years feeding out in the Pacific,

鲑鱼开始洄游产卵

the salmon are returning to spawn.

但在进入河道之前

But before they head upriver,

它们必须暂停 调整身体

they must pause and modify their bodies

以适应在淡水中生存

to function in fresh water.

年轻急切的猎手已经按耐不住

The young and overeager try to catch the salmon

鲑鱼还在浪花里 就已经开始下手

while they’re still in the surf.

有经验的猎手更沉得住气

Those with experience are more patient.

窝在冬天的巢穴里六个月不吃不喝

After six months of starvation in a winter den,

这些食物对年轻的棕熊来说太有诱惑力了

all this food is just too tempting for the youngster.

聪明老道的棕熊则耐心等待鲑鱼沿河而上

Wise old bears wait for the salmon to move into the river,

因为它们知道在河道里捕鱼要简单得多

where they know the fishing will be easier.

涨起的潮水提醒着变化的开始

The incoming tide signals a change.

有经验的棕熊开始占据河口的

The experienced bears now take up their prized fishing spots

有利捕鱼点

at the most of the river.

鲑鱼终于到了

The salmon are finally here.

当鲑鱼涌入较浅的水中时

As the fish funnelled into shallower water,

一只海豹抓住了机会

a seal gets its chance.

狼群还需稍等片刻

The wolves will have to wait.

棕熊霸占了河口

Bears dominate the river-mouth.

这些棕熊一年里%的食物

These bears rely on the salmon run

都来自鲑鱼洄游

for nearly % of their year’s food.

大部分鲑鱼成功逃过棕熊猎杀逆流而上

Most of the salmon make it upstream past the bears,

但现在它们还必须躲开狼群的魔爪

but now they must run the gauntlet of wolves.

鲑鱼将保证狼群

The salmon will sustain the wolves

整个夏天都能吃饱肚子

through the rest of the summer.

这场丰盛的夏日盛宴

The sheer abundance of this seasonal bounty

让这些棕熊成为北美体型最大的熊类

Has made these bears the largest in North America

入海口是河流与大海的交汇处

Estuaries are the meeting place of rivers and sea,

也是候鸟们至关重要的集结地

and they’re vital staging points for migrating birds.

在欧洲 每年秋季

In Europe, each autumn,

数百万涉禽在入海口逗留

they’re visited by millions of waders.

鸟儿们从北极的繁殖地

The birds returning from their breeding grounds in the Arctic

飞往非洲过冬

to overwinter in Africa,

中途在入海口补充体能

And are stopping off to refuel.

滨鹬只有在泥滩暴露时才有才有机会觅食

Knot can only feed when the mudflats are exposed.

涨潮时 它们只能上岸

At high tide, they’re forced onshore

等潮水退却后它们才能重登觅食地

where they must wait for the tide to turn and reopen the larder.

出现了一只游隼

A peregrine falcon.

年轻的游隼总在秋季来到这片入海口

Young peregrines come to these estuaries in autumn...

猎捕涉禽

to hunt waders.

游隼是世界上最快的空中猎手

Peregrines are the world’s fastest aerial hunters,

但现在的情况对年轻的游隼来说不太妙

but this is a very challenging environment for a young falcon.

一个猎手对成千上万只猎物

It’s one predator faced with thousands of prey.

黑白两种颜色不断闪烁

Flashing black and white,

翅膀飞转

dazzles the falcon’s sensitive eyesight.

都扰乱了游隼敏感的视线

Dazzles the falcon’s sensitive eyesight.

也许单挑一个目标会好一些

An individual target may be a better option.

游隼的羽毛并没有很好的防水性

A peregrine’s plumage is not properly waterproof,

因此它轻易不能弄湿羽毛

so he can’t afford to get his feathers wet.

它必须把猎物赶到空中

He must flush his prey into the air.

但一旦它靠近

But as soon as he gets close,

涉禽就钻进海中 它无法跟进

the waders ditch into the sea where he can’t follow.

成功取决于能否让猎物远离水面

Success depends on keeping his prey away from the water.

现在上演的是一场空中近战

Mow it’s a dogfight at close quarters.

游隼只会在入海口短暂停留

Peregrines only stay around estuaries

仅限涉禽在的那几个月

for the few months the waders are there.

一旦猎物离开 游隼也将飞回内陆

As soon as their prey leaves, they will head back inland.

有些动物来到海岸 并不是为了觅食

Some animals come to the coast, not to feed

而是为了生产

but to have their young.

南海狮

Patagonian sea lions.

这几只仅有几个月大

These are just a few months old.

海狮不能在海中分娩

Sea lions can’t give birth at sea,

它们必须来到陆地 产下幼崽

they must come to land to have their pups.

每年夏天 都有成千上万的海狮群聚集在

Each summer, thousands cluster in colonies

阿根廷的瓦尔德斯半岛的海岸

Along Argentina’s Valdes Peninsula

母海狮定期回到大海捕食

The mothers regularly return to sea to hunt...

但它们的幼崽得留在海滩上

But their young stay on the beach

因为它们还没有学会如何游泳

for they have not yet learnt to swim.

虎鲸 又名杀人鲸

Orca. Killer whales.

它们每年这个时候准时到来 猎捕海狮幼崽

They come at exactly the same time each year to hunt the pups.

时机稍纵即逝

It’s a narrow window of opportunity

猎手成功的机会渺茫

And the odds are stacked against the hunters.

和海豚一样

Just like the dolphins,

虎鲸离开自然栖息地是冒着极大的风险的

orca take great risks in leaving their natural habitat.

每次攻击 都伴随着实实在在搁浅的危险

with every attack, there’s real danger of being stranded.

虎鲸一天只能猎捕数小时

Orca can only hunt for a few hours each day,

因为当潮位很低时

because at low tide

岩礁会挡住它们通往海滩的路径

a rocky reef blocks their access to the beach.

所以在涨潮之前 幼崽们都是安全的

So until the tide is high, the pups are safe.

夏季初始时 虎鲸有个很好的优势

Early in the season the orca have one big advantage...

幼崽单纯无知

The pups are native

尚不知道虎鲸是个威胁

and don’t yet recognise the whales as a threat.

但小海狮们很快就会明白这一点

but the young sea lions will learn quickly.

杀人鲸悄无声息地就位

Silently, the killer whales move into position.

进攻的成功率不到一半

Less than half the attacks are successful

而且幼崽们吃一堑长一智

and with each attempt, the pups grow wiser.

虎鲸所拥有的优势悄然而逝

The orca’s advantage is slipping away.

接下来几周

For the next few weeks,

猎手和猎物之间生死相搏

hunter and hunted are locked in a desperate race.

虎鲸捕食海狮幼崽

The orca to seize pups,

海狮则学会如何躲避攻击

and the sea lions to learn how to evade their attacks.

这些小海狮们赢得了胜利

These young sea lions have triumphed.

它们学会了识别危险 躲避猎手

They’re learn to recognise the danger and evade the killers.

至于虎鲸

For the orca,

机会的大门又紧闭上了 只能等下个繁殖季的到来

the window of opportunity has closed for another season.

加拿大的纽芬兰

Newfoundland, Canada.

一场举世无双的季节性盛事

A unique seasonal event

将把此地改头换面

is about to transform this place.

那是世界上最盛大的海岸繁殖奇观

It is the greatest coastal breeding spectacle on the planet,

但只会持续一到两周

but it will only last a week or two.

毛鳞鱼

Capelin.

数十亿条

Billions of them.

初夏时分

In early summer,

这种小鱼聚集在海岸附近

these tiny fish mass just offshore.

庞大的鱼群不可避免地引来了捕食者

The great shoals inevitably attract predators,

座头鲸

Humpback whales.

它们从多英里外

They’ve travelled over miles

加勒比海地区的繁殖地千里迢迢而来

From their breeding grounds in the Caribbean.

世界上没有任何一个地方

Nowhere else in the world

聚集捕食的座头鲸数量能超过此地

do humpback whales gather to feed in greater numbers.

但座头鲸一抵达

But no sooner have the whales arrived

毛鳞鱼就开始了一种自取灭亡的行为

than the capelin do something apparently suicidal.

它们故意把自己甩在海滩上

They deliberately cast themselves ashore,

而且一离开海水就开始产卵

and once out of water,they lay their eggs.

它们是仅有的两种

They’re one of only two species of fish

离开海洋 像这样产卵的鱼类之一

that leave the ocean to spawn like this.

离开水的鱼儿 是送上门的大餐

A fish out of water is an easy meal.

但毛鳞鱼如此无所不用其极

But capelin go to these extreme lengths

只是为了给后代提供最佳的生存机会

to give their offspring the best chance of survival.

对大多数来说 这是终极牺牲

For many,it’s the ultimate sacrifice.

鳕鱼

Cod.

它们成群从深海游上来

Great numbers of them move in from deeper water

掠夺大自然这短暂的馈赠

to plunder this brief bounty.

它们对于庞大鱼群的影响微乎其微

Their impact on the vast shoals is small

但鳕鱼猎捕时 会将毛鳞鱼驱离海床

but as they hunt, the cod drive capelin off the seabed

将它们送到静候的座头鲸的领地

and up into range of the waiting humpbacks.

座头鲸将鱼群赶往峭壁

The whales herd the fish against the cliffs.

紧接着它们会释放秘密武器

Then they unleash a secret weapon.

这些异响使毛鳞鱼受到惊吓

These bizarre calls panic the capelin,

使它们紧密地聚到一起

driving the fish ever closer together,

使它们成为更集中的目标

making them a more concentrated target.

眼前的盛宴不日就会消散

This bonanza will disperse within days,

因此座头鲸必须尽其所能来享用它

so the humpbacks have to make the most of it while they can.

海岸猎手 时刻都在与时间赛跑

Hunters at the coast are always in a race against time